Fundamental of internet networking

Internet

Connection of multiple computer in network to share data.

Data is share in air (radio wave form) that goes to nearest tower (ISP → internet service provider)

IP Address

A unique address of a device that is assign when device is connected to internet. It is given by ISP

• IPv4
• IPv6

MAC Address

Actual physical address of device. Help to identify device in local network like WIFI router help to identify the device with MAC address.

Proxy

If A want to talk to B, then instead of directly communicating A will send message it C and C will send message to B and vice versa.

So, instead of share data directly to the server, we share data to a third server (proxy) and that proxy will share data with targeted server.

Used to access those server where direct interaction is banned or not allowed.

It is on client side.

Reverse Proxy

This is on server side. When client request the server, the request doesn't directly goes to main server it goes to the some third server where the request is checked either it is malicious or not. And after that the request is sent to me main server.

Mostly used for rate limiting.

VPN

Virtual private network, this is very much similar to the proxy i.e. A will use C to send data to B, but in VPN, data that is shared is encrypted and ISP can’t read those data.

Used to maintain highest level of privacy on internet and make user anonymous on internet.

Protocol

A set to rule that is used to share data on internet.

Server

A computer system that is programmed in the way that it can accept request and give response or share file based on request.

Client

A normal computer system that fetch data from server.

ISP

Internet service provider, this is the pillar that help to transfer data from one place to other via wires, hub, tower

TCP

When data is sent to the server, the server acknowledge with the message weather the message is failed or delivered. It guarantee the data is delivered or not.

IP

This is the protocol through which the an IP address (unique) is assigned to the device when it is connected to internet and once the device is disconnected from internet, the IP address is released which can be assign to some other device.

UDP

Protocol that continually sent data without caring weather the data is delivered or not. It is very fast process of sending data. Generally used during video streaming.