According to Google the internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. Cloudflare defines a protocol as a set of rules for formatting and processing data. Internet protocols are like a common language for computers. Many protocols enable the transfer of information. We would consider just a few here:
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is an application-layer protocol designed to transfer information between networked devices. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of the World Wide Web and is used to load webpages using hypertext links. Tim Berners-Lee initiated the development of HTTP at CERN in 1989. The main function of HTTP is to provide a system of rules facilitating the exchange of information over the Internet. It allows a person to type a URL into their browser and gain access to the respective website's data.
Basic Aspects of HTTP
- It is simple:- HTTP is generally designed to be simple and human-readable.
- It is stateless but not sessionless:- The core of HTTP itself is stateless, however, HTTP cookies allow the use of stateful sessions.
- It is extensible:- New functionality can be introduced by a simple agreement between a client and a server.
HTTP Methods
GET
The GET method requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET should only retrieve data.
POST
The POST method submits an entity to the specified resource, often causing a change in state or side effects on the server.
PUT
The PUT method replaces all current representations of the target resource with the requested content.
PATCH
The PATCH method applies partial modifications to a resource.
DELETE
The DELETE method deletes the specified resource.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
According to Google FTP is a standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP works by opening two connections that link the computers trying to communicate.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard communication protocol for electronic mail transmission. Mail servers and other message transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages.
Conclusion
Internet Protocols serve a significant purpose in communicating between servers and clients.
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