RDP Connections Are Allowed in Windows Server 2019: A Comprehensive Guide

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a critical feature in Windows Server 2019 that enables administrators and users to connect to a server remotely and manage it efficiently. This functionality is particularly useful in enterprise environments where servers are housed in secure data centers, and physical access is limited. However, enabling RDP and ensuring its secure use requires careful configuration and understanding of the associated settings.

In this article, we’ll explore the concept of RDP in Windows Server 2019, the steps to enable it, best practices for securing RDP connections, and troubleshooting common issues.

What is RDP in Windows Server 2019?

RDP is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that allows remote control of a Windows machine over a network. In Windows Server 2019, RDP provides the ability to:

Access the server’s desktop environment.

Manage server roles and features remotely.
Troubleshoot and fix server issues from any location.
The built-in Remote Desktop Services (RDS) feature facilitates secure, graphical interface-based connections to the server.

How to Enable RDP Connections in Windows Server 2019
RDP connections are not enabled by default in Windows Server 2019 for security reasons. Administrators must configure the server to allow RDP access. Here’s how to do it:

Step 1: Open the System Properties
Log in to the Windows Server 2019 using an account with administrative privileges.
Press Win + R, type sysdm.cpl, and press Enter.
In the System Properties window, go to the Remote tab.
Step 2: Enable Remote Desktop
Under the Remote Desktop section, select the option Allow remote connections to this computer.
You may also check the box labeled Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentication (NLA) for enhanced security.
Step 3: Add Users to the Remote Desktop Group
Click on the Select Users button.
Add the users or groups who should have RDP access to the server.
Step 4: Configure Firewall Rules
Open Windows Defender Firewall from the Control Panel.
Click Advanced Settings on the left-hand side.
In the Inbound Rules section, ensure that the rule for Remote Desktop (TCP-In) is enabled.
Step 5: Save and Restart
Apply the changes and restart the server if necessary.
Test the RDP connection from a client device using the server’s IP address or hostname.
Best Practices for Securing RDP Connections
While enabling RDP is straightforward, securing it is equally crucial. Unsecured RDP connections are a common target for cyberattacks such as brute-force attacks and ransomware infections. Follow these best practices to ensure a secure RDP setup:

1. Use Strong Authentication
Enable Network Level Authentication (NLA) to require users to authenticate before establishing a connection.
Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for an additional layer of security.
2. Change the Default RDP Port
The default RDP port (3389) is a frequent target for attackers. Change it to a non-standard port to reduce the risk of automated attacks. Modify the registry key:

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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp\PortNumber
3. Use a VPN
Secure your RDP connections by routing them through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). This limits exposure to the public internet and ensures encrypted communication.

4. Restrict IP Addresses
Configure the firewall to allow RDP connections only from specific IP addresses, reducing the chances of unauthorized access.

5. Regularly Monitor RDP Logs
Keep an eye on RDP-related event logs to detect unusual login attempts or failed connection attempts. Use tools like Event Viewer or third-party security monitoring solutions.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Despite following best practices, RDP connections may sometimes fail. Below are some common issues and their solutions:

1. RDP Connection Refused
Cause: Firewall rules are not configured properly.
Solution: Verify that the firewall allows incoming connections on the RDP port (default: 3389).

2. Black Screen After Login
Cause: Display driver or session misconfiguration.
Solution:

Update display drivers on both the client and server.
Restart the RDP session.
3. NLA Error: "The Connection Was Denied Because the User Account Is Not Authorized"
Cause: User is not a member of the Remote Desktop Users group.
Solution: Add the user to the Remote Desktop Users group through the Select Users option in System Properties.

1. Slow RDP Performance Cause: Network latency or resource constraints on the server. Solution:

Optimize the RDP settings by disabling visual effects (e.g., background images, font smoothing).
Increase the server’s hardware resources if necessary.
Advanced Configuration Options

1. Group Policy for RDP Use Group Policy to enforce RDP settings across multiple servers:

Open the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC).
Navigate to:
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Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Remote Desktop Services
Configure policies such as session timeouts, encryption levels, and connection permissions.
2. RDP Gateway
Implement an RDP Gateway to enable secure, encrypted connections without requiring a VPN. The RDP Gateway acts as a middleman between remote users and internal servers.

1. Enable Auditing Enable auditing for RDP logins to track successful and failed connection attempts:

Open Local Security Policy (secpol.msc).
Go to:
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Security Settings > Local Policies > Audit Policy
Enable auditing for logon events.
Advantages of RDP in Windows Server 2019
Remote Management: Admins can manage servers from anywhere, reducing the need for physical presence.
Cost-Effective: Eliminates the need for expensive remote management tools.
Scalability: Supports multiple simultaneous connections, ideal for enterprise environments.
Integration: Works seamlessly with other Microsoft services and applications.

Conclusion
RDP connections in Windows Server 2019 provide a robust solution for remote management and support. By enabling and configuring RDP correctly, administrators can efficiently manage server operations while maintaining security. Following best practices like using strong authentication, restricting IP access, and implementing advanced configurations ensures a secure and reliable RDP setup.

Whether managing a single server or an entire enterprise network, understanding and leveraging RDP effectively is a key skill for IT professionals. By adopting the measures outlined in this guide, you can ensure your RDP environment remains secure and functional.