Ensuring High Availability with Two-Server Setup Using Keepalived
Ensuring high availability with limited resources can be challenging. I recently wanted to prove you can do it using Keepalived and just two servers 💪✨. To prove it, I used Vagrant. Here's a quick rundown of my journey! 🚀
Step 1: Creating the Vagrantfile
First, I created a Vagrantfile to define my virtual machines. This file specified the configuration for two Ubuntu 22.04 VMs, each with a unique MAC address and a static IP address in the same subnet.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# Array of predefined MAC addresses
mac_addresses = ["080027000001", "080027000002"]
# Array of static IP addresses for the VMs
ip_addresses = ["192.168.56.11", "192.168.56.12"]
mac_addresses.each_with_index do |mac, index|
config.vm.define "vm#{index + 1}" do |vm|
vm.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
vm.vm.network "private_network", ip: ip_addresses[index], mac: mac
vm.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.name = "vm#{index + 1}"
vb.memory = "512"
vb.cpus = 1
end
# Provision Keepalived and Nginx
vm.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y keepalived nginx
# Example Keepalived configuration
sudo bash -c 'cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state #{index == 0 ? 'MASTER' : 'BACKUP'}
interface enp0s8
virtual_router_id 51
priority #{index == 0 ? 100 : 90}
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.56.10
}
}
EOF'
sudo systemctl restart keepalived
# Configure a simple web page to show role (MASTER or BACKUP)
sudo bash -c 'echo "<html><body><h1>Server Role: #{index == 0 ? 'MASTER' : 'BACKUP'}</h1></body></html>" > /var/www/html/index.html'
sudo systemctl restart nginx
SHELL
end
end
end
Step 2: Spinning Up the VMs
With the Vagrantfile ready, I used Vagrant commands to create and start the virtual machines.
vagrant up
This command created and configured the VMs as specified in the Vagrantfile. Once the VMs were up and running, I could SSH into them to verify the setup.
vagrant ssh vm1
vagrant ssh vm2
Step 3: Configuring Keepalived
The heart of this setup was the Keepalived configuration. The Vagrantfile already included provisioning scripts to install and configure Keepalived on both VMs. Here’s a recap of the configuration:
- On the MASTER server:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface enp0s8
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.56.10
}
}
- On the BACKUP server:
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface enp0s8
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.56.10
}
}
Step 4: Testing the Setup
With everything configured, it was time to test the setup. I started by verifying that the virtual IP (VIP) was correctly assigned to the MASTER server.
ip a show enp0s8
I then accessed the web server using the VIP to ensure it was reachable.
curl http://192.168.56.10
If the setup is correct, you should see the page that indicates which server (MASTER or BACKUP) is responding.
Step 5: Simulating Failover
To test the failover functionality, I stopped the Keepalived service on the MASTER server.
sudo systemctl stop keepalived
I then checked the BACKUP server to see if it had taken over the VIP.
ip a show enp0s8
Sure enough, the BACKUP server had taken over, and the web server was still accessible via the VIP.
Lessons Learned
This experience proved that high availability can be achieved with just two servers using Keepalived. Here are some key takeaways:
- Simplicity and Power: Keepalived is a powerful tool that is relatively simple to set up and configure.
- High Availability on a Budget: Even with just two servers, you can achieve a high level of availability.
- Practical Testing: Always test your setup thoroughly to ensure that failover works as expected.
Conclusion
When it comes to ensuring high availability with limited resources, Keepalived is a great tool to have in your arsenal. I hope this article has inspired you to explore high availability setups further.
Feel free to share your own experiences or ask questions in the comments below. Use your resources wisely and keep your systems running smoothly! 🛠️💡💻⚙️
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