What are Header Files?
A header file is a file with extension .h which contains C function declarations and macro definitions to be shared between several source files.
Some commonly used header files in C language are:
stdio.h:
Facilitates input output statements
conio.h:
Facilitates console input/output functions
string.h:
Contains macro definitions, constants and declarations of functions and types
-> strlen(): length of the char array
-> strcpy(): copies a string to another
-> strcat(): concatenates two strings
-> strcmp(): compares two strings
-> strlwr(): converts from upper case to lower case
-> strupr(): converts from lower case to upper case
-> strrev(): reverses a string
ctype.h:
Contains functions that would facilitate manipulation of character data type. The functions supported are:
-> isalnum(): Checks whether a character is alphanumeric(A-Z,a-z,0-9)
-> isalpha(): Checks whether a character i alphabetic
-> islower(), isupper(): Test if character is lower or upper respectively.
-> tolower(), toupper(): Converts to lower and upper cases
math.h:
Contains library functions. Note that x can be a float or double. C language does not support expression of type x^a.
-> sqrt(x): determines square root of x
-> pow(x,a): compute x^a
-> exp(x): computes e^x
-> sin(x) and cos(x): computes sine and cosine
-> log(x): computes natural log
-> log10(x): computes log to base 10.
stdlib.h:
-> abs(x): computes absolute value of integer x
-> atof(s): converts a string s to a double
-> atoi(s): converts to integer
-> malloc(): allocates memory and returns a pointer to the location
-> calloc(): same as malloc() but initializes the memory with 0s.
-> free(x): frees heap memory space pointed by x.
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