This review highlights the significance of underappreciated regulators of cardiac maturation and underscores the need for further research in this exciting field.This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https//www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.The readiness potential (RP), a slow buildup of electrical potential recorded at the scalp using electroencephalography, has been associated with neural activity involved in movement preparation. It became famous thanks to Benjamin Libet (Brain 1983;106623-642), who used the time difference between the RP and self-reported time of conscious intention to move to argue that we lack free will. The RP's informativeness about self-generated action and derivatively about free will has prompted continued research on this neural phenomenon. Here, we argue that recent advances in our understanding of the RP, including computational modeling of the phenomenon, call for a reassessment of its relevance for understanding volition and the philosophical problem of free will.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is among one of the common comorbidities in older patients. People with PD may be more vulnerable to severe pneumonia, due to the impairment of pulmonary function. Currently, the association between PD and COVID-19 is not yet established. This study aims to analyze the relationship between PD and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19.
We systematically searched the PubMed and Europe PMC database using specific keywords related to our aims until December 25th, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease were retrieved. The quality of the study was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool for observational studies and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for cross-sectional studies. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software.
A total of 12 studies with 103,874 COVID-19 patients were included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis showed that Parkinson's Disease was associated with poor in-hospital outcomes [[OR 2.64 (95% CI 1.75-3.99), p<0.00001, I
=81%] and its subgroup which comprised of severe COVID-19 [OR 2.61 (95% CI 1.98-3.43), p<0.00001, I
=0%] and mortality from COVID-19 [RR 2.63 (95% CI 1.50-4.60), p=0.0007, I
=91%]. Meta-regression showed that the association was influenced by age (p=0.05), but not by gender (p=0.46) and dementia (p=0.23).
Extra care and close monitoring should be provided to Parkinson's Disease patients to minimize the risk of infections, preventing the development of severe and mortality outcomes.
Extra care and close monitoring should be provided to Parkinson's Disease patients to minimize the risk of infections, preventing the development of severe and mortality outcomes.
High-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), as a single or serial measurement to predict postoperative mortality and morbidity, appears to be attractive due to its direct relationship in assessing myocardial damage and the widespread availability of hs-TnT testing. click here Therefore, this study aimed to identify any prognostic value of hs-TnT in predicting in-hospital outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
We identified all consecutive patients who underwent on-pump CABG between July 2011 and December 2018. To evaluate the prognostic value of hs-TnT after CABG, we assessed the probability and odds ratio (OR) of adverse events concerning the maximum value of postoperative hs-TnT (measured within 24 hrs). TnT was routinely collected at 0, 6, 12 and 72 hours postoperatively. Values were categorised into intervals of 200 for analysis. A fully Bayesian logistic regression of the adverse event with the troponin T interval (0-200) as the reference level was used. A subgroup analysis was performed in patie is associated with MACCE, 30-day mortality, MI and ICU stay >48 hours. Prospectively designed trials, with clear prognostic and outcome variables, may provide further insight into the prognostic value of hs-TnT post-CABG.
48 hours. Prospectively designed trials, with clear prognostic and outcome variables, may provide further insight into the prognostic value of hs-TnT post-CABG.Prescription rates for gabapentinoids are rising in England. Pregabalin is currently recommended by NICE for the treatment of anxiety. Gabapentinoids have some overlap with the action of benzodiazepines, and have similar issues with tolerance, dependence, addiction and withdrawal. They were scheduled as class C controlled drugs in 2019 because of these risks. There were 244 deaths due to poisoning recorded by the ONS in 2019 involving pregabalin. Poisonings due to pregabalin usually involve concomitant use of opioids or other drugs. The rate of deaths involving pregabalin has been rising steeply for the last 10 years, and now exceeds those attributed to diazepam, fentanyl, the tricyclics as a group or SSRIs as a group. Evidence for the use of pregabalin in anxiety is derived from short-term trials, with marginal differences from placebo, which do not take into account the longer term effects of tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. We call on NICE to re-evaluate their support for use of pregabalin in anxiety in light of its known harms. The use of gabapentinoids off-label for other psychiatric conditions should also be re-considered. In general, psychotropic medications require longer term efficacy and safety studies before allowing widespread use.Hypofractionated radiotherapy of early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx is a promising treatment option. This can be divided into radiotherapy with moderate hypofractionation (up to 2.5Gy per fraction), more intense hypofractionation (between 2.5 and 4.5Gy per fraction) and stereotactic radiotherapy (above 4.5Gy per fraction). Most studies evaluating moderate hypofractionation show a local control rate between 85 and 95%. Acute laryngeal toxicity is superior to conventional treatment, but only for grades 1 and 2, with no significant difference reported for severe toxicity. Stereotactic radiotherapy in this pathology is also an emerging entity, but some authors have reported significant toxicity. There are currently no standardized guidelines for treatment and management regimen. We conducted a systemic review of published prospective and retrospective trials to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and discuss future directions.click here
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