Difluorocarbene enables gain access to 2-fluoroindoles from ortho-vinylanilines.

Copyright © 2019 Tzu Chi Medical Journal.Streptozotocin treatment has emerged as an alternative model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD). Streptozotocin-induced alterations in iron and calcium levels reflect magnetic susceptibility changes, while susceptibility distribution in the cerebral regions has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate susceptibility distribution in the limbic system after streptozotocin administration to cynomolgus monkeys for exploring informative SAD biomarkers. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized to quantitatively compare the susceptibility distributions in monkeys with sporadic Alzheimer disease and age-matched healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, overall susceptibility values differed in the SAD models. Notable substantial susceptibility changes were observed in the hypothalamus with a 4.38-time decrease (AD -47.45±12.19 ppb, healthy controls 14.02±9.51 ppb) and in the posterior parts of the corpus callosum with a 2.83-times increase (AD 31.49±15.90 ppb; healthy controls 11.13±4.02 ppb). These susceptibility alterations may reflect neuronal death, and could serve as key biomarkers in the SAD. These results may be useful for specifying AD pathologies such as cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. 2020 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. Ravoxertinib cost All rights reserved.Background Accurate identification of tumor sites and boundaries is of paramount importance during minimally invasive surgery. Although laparoscopic resection is being increasingly and widely performed for early gastric and colorectal cancers, the detection of tumors located inside the stomach and intestine is difficult owing to the lack of tactile sensation. Here, we propose the application of an indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded alginate hydrogel system as a fluorescence surgical marker for precise laparoscopic operations. Methods A physical complex of ICG and human serum albumin (HSA) was mixed with sodium alginate to form an injectable hydrogel system. Calcium carbonate and D-gluconic acid (GA) were added to the gel to control its strength and gelation time, respectively. The optimal conditions for the preparation of injectable hydrogels were determined by analyzing the fluorescence spectra and sol-gel transition time of the prepared samples at various concentrations and compositions. Next, the aqueous solutence intensity of the complex was obtained at a 11 mole ratio of HSA to ICG. The subcutaneous injection of ICG or ICG-HSA solution in mice resulted in the rapid spread of the fluorescence signal around the injection site in 3 h, and a weak fluorescence was detected at the injection site 24 h post-injection. In contrast, the fluorescence detection time was effectively prolonged up to 96 h post-injection in the case of ICG-HSA-loaded alginate gel, while diffusion of the injected ICG from the injection site was effectively prevented. In the laparoscopic operation, injection sites of the hydrogel in porcine stomach could be accurately detected in real time even after 3 days. Conclusions This alginate hydrogel system may be potentially useful as an effective surgical marker in terms of accuracy and persistence for laparoscopic operation. 2020 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.Background We demonstrate an innovative approach of automated sleep recording formed on the electroencephalogram (EEG) with one channel. Methods In this study, double-density dual-tree discrete wavelet transformation (DDDTDWT) was used for decomposing the image, and marginal Fisher analysis (MFA) was used for reducing the dimension. A proposed model on unprocessed EEG models was used on monitored training of 5-group sleep phase forecasting. Results Our network includes a 14-row structure, and a 30-s period was extracted as input in order to be categorized which is followed by second and third period prior to the first 30-s period. Another consecutive period for temporal tissue was added which is not required to a signal preprocess and attribute data derivation phase. Our means of evaluating and improving our approach was to use input from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), which is a large study field aimed at using research from numerous centers and people and which studies the records of specialist-rated polysomnography (PSG). Performance measures could reach the desired level, which is a precision of 0.87 and a Cohen's kappa of 0.81. Conclusions The use of a large, collaborative study of specialist graders can enhance the likelihood of good globalization. Overall, the novel approach learned by our network showcases the models based on each category. 2020 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.Background Shear wave elastography is a promising method to diagnose early musculoskeletal lesions. We aimed to explore the feasible depth and acceptable precompression applied by probe and couplant for soft tissues in the present system. Methods Ex-vivo muscles were evaluated at depths of 0.5-6 cm by 3 operators, using 1-5 mm couplant thickness and 0-3.0 kPa probe pressure. We compared the shear wave speed (SWS) and used intraclass correlation coefficients to assess reproducibility. In vivo skin and subcutaneous superficial fascia from volunteers were tested at depths ranging from 0.1-0.5 cm with 1-20 mm couplant thickness. Results The SWS of ex-vivo muscles varied and increased with depth, and could not be acquired at 6 cm because the shear wave failed to be detected. Furthermore, while the SWS of ex-vivo muscles were not affected by the couplant thickness, it was affected by probe pressure. Most cases demonstrated a satisfactory agreement degree of the intraoperator reproducibility (ICC, 0.81-0.95) and a substantial interoperator reproducibility (ICC >0.60). Inter- and intra-operator reproducibility was better at a depth of 0.5-4 cm than at 5 cm. In the in vivo study, when tissues within a 0.2 cm depth were evaluated, the SWS that was acquired using a couplant thickness of >10 mm was different from that acquired using other thicknesses. Conclusions The SWS acquired at a depth of ≤3 cm with a suitable amount of couplant is recommended. 2020 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.Ravoxertinib cost