These recommendations are designed to help healthcare professionals reduce the frequency and burden of DKA.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have paradoxically been reported to exert either pro- or anti-tumor effects in vitro. Hyperthermia, in combination with chemotherapy, has tumor-inhibiting effects; however, its role, together with MSCs, so far is not well understood. Furthermore, a lot of research is conducted using conventional 2-dimensional in vitro models that do not mimic the actual tumor microenvironment.
In light of this fact, an indirect method of co-culturing human amniotic membrane-derived MSCs (AMMSCs) with collagen-encapsulated human lung carcinoma cells (A549) was performed using a 3-dimensional (3D) tumor-on-chip device.
The conditioned medium of AMMSCs (AMMSC-CM) or heat-treated AMMSCs (heat-AMMSC-CM) was utilized to create indirect co-culture conditions. Tumor spheroid growth characterization, immunocytochemistry and cytotoxicity assays, and anti-cancer peptide (P1) screening were performed to determine the effects of the conditioned medium.
The A549 cells cultured inside the 3D microfluidic chip developed into multicellular tumor spheroids over five days of culture. The AMMSC-CM, contrary to previous reports claiming its tumor-inhibiting potential, led to significant proliferation of tumor spheroids. Heat-AMMSC-CM led to reductions in both spheroid diameter and cell proliferation. The medium containing the P1 peptide was found to be the least cytotoxic to tumor spheroids in co-culture compared with the monoculture and heat-co-culture groups.
Hyperthermia, in combination with the anticancer peptide, exhibited highest cytotoxic effects. This study highlights the growing importance of 3D microfluidic tumor models for testing stem-cell-based and other anti-cancer therapies.
Hyperthermia, in combination with the anticancer peptide, exhibited highest cytotoxic effects. This study highlights the growing importance of 3D microfluidic tumor models for testing stem-cell-based and other anti-cancer therapies.In humans and other mammals, a hallmark of female reproductive function is the capacity to episodically release fertilizable oocytes under the precise control of a cascade of hormonal regulators that interplay in a cyclic manner within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Although the basic elements of this neurohormonal system were disclosed several decades before, a major breakthrough in our understanding of how the HPO axis is controlled during the lifespan came in the first decade of the 21st century, when the reproductive dimension of kisspeptins was disclosed by seminal studies documenting that genetic inactivation of the kisspeptin pathway is linked to central hypogonadism and infertility. Kisspeptins are a family of peptides, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, that operate via the surface receptor, Gpr54 (also called Kiss1r), to regulate virtually all aspects of reproduction in both sexes. The primary site of action of kisspeptins is the hypothalamus, where Kiss1 neurons engage in the precise control of the pulsatile release of GnRH to modulate gonadotropin secretion and, thereby, ovarian function. Selleckchem Veliparib Nonetheless, additional sites of action of kisspeptins within the HPO axis, including the pituitary and the ovary, have been proposed; yet, the physiologic relevance of such extrahypothalamic actions of kisspeptins is still a matter of debate. In this review, we summarize the current consensus knowledge and open questions on the sites of action, physiologic roles, and eventual therapeutic implications of kisspeptins in the control of the female reproductive axis.
To investigate the embryo retention (ER) rate in embryo transfer (ET) cycles and its effects on reproductive outcomes.
Matched retrospective cohort study.
A tertiary hospital-based reproductive medicine center.
A total of 6,089 ET cycles were performed from January 2013 to December 2018 in our unit.
Each woman was matched with two separate control subjects of the same age (±1 year), embryo condition, main causes of infertility, type of protocol used for fresh or frozen ET cycles.
ER rate, implantation, clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and live birth rate.
The overall incidence of ER was 1.59% (97/6,089). A significantly increased ER rate was observed in fresh ET cycles compared with frozen transfer cycles (2.71% vs. 1.08%). In fresh transfer cycles, the rate of mucus in or on the catheter after ET in ER group was significantly higher than in the non-ER group (48.09% vs. 13.65%). A total of 194 non-ER cycles were matched to the ER group. Compared with the matched group, the ER group was associated with a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate (32.98% vs. 48.96%), implantation rate (20.88% vs. 35.97%), and live birth rate (22.68% vs. 37.63%, P<.01), and a higher ectopic pregnancy rate (12.50% vs. 3.16%).
Our results suggest that ER rate is correlated with mucus on or in the transfer catheter in fresh transfer cycles. Retained embryos are associated with lower implantation, clinical pregnancy, live birth, and increases risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Our results suggest that ER rate is correlated with mucus on or in the transfer catheter in fresh transfer cycles. Retained embryos are associated with lower implantation, clinical pregnancy, live birth, and increases risk of ectopic pregnancy.
To analyse the published literature in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) to examine the transparency and the use of reproducible research practices of the scientific literature and to identify possible avenues for improvement.
Meta-epidemiologic study. We examined the first 20 consecutive full-text original articles presenting primary data from five REI-specific journals for 2013 and for 2018, and eligible REI articles published in 2013-2018 in five high-impact general journals. Eligible articles were required to be full-text original articles, presenting primary data.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Each article was assessed for study type, trial registration, protocol and raw data availability, funding and conflict of interest declarations, inclusion in subsequent systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, sample size, and whether the work claimed to be novel or replication. Sample sizes and citation counts also were obtained.
A total of 222 articles were deemed eligible; 98 from REI journals published in 2013, 90 from REI journals published in 2018, and 34 from high-impact journals.Selleckchem Veliparib
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