Party IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) increases adipose tissues thermogenesis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 has now extended across the globe with >100,000 cases and 3,000 deaths reported in 93 countries as of 7 March 2020. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in a 64-year-old man who developed rapidly worsening respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that required intubation. As the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges widely from mild illness to ARDS with a high risk of mortality, there is a need for more research to identify early markers of disease severity. Current evidence suggests that patients with advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities or dyspnoea should be closely monitored, especially at 1-2 weeks after symptom onset. It remains to be seen if laboratory findings such as lymphopenia or elevated lactate dehydrogenase may serve as early surrogates for critical illness or markers of disease recovery. Management of ARDS in COVID-19 remains supportive while we await results of drug trials. More studies are needed to understand the incidence and outcomes of ARDS and critical illness from COVID-19, which will be important for critical care management and resource planning.INTRODUCTION Air pollution is a global problem and seasonal haze from forest clearing and peat land burning in Indonesia is an annual phenomenon in Southeast Asia. As neurological disorders comprise 6.3% of the burden of disease globally, we reviewed evidence of the association between common neurological conditions and air pollution exposure, and summarised existing data on the impact of the haze phenomenon in Southeast Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search for relevant studies on air pollution, Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, epilepsy, haze, headache, migraine, stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD) and neuromuscular conditions was performed. There were 52 articles which were relevant and were reviewed. RESULTS There were associations between short-term air pollution exposure with AD, epilepsy, ischaemic stroke and migraine. Long-term air pollution exposure was associated with AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dementia and ischaemic stroke. Selleck MRT68921 Evidence on the link between air pollution and PD was inconsistent. Currently, there is no specific data on the effects haze has on neurological conditions in Southeast Asia. CONCLUSION Air pollution is associated with increased risk of certain common neurological disorders. More specific studies are needed to investigate the impact of seasonal haze on neurological conditions in Southeast Asia.INTRODUCTION Using data from Singapore Mental Health Study 2016 (SMHS 2016), we examined the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its sociodemographic correlates and association with comorbid psychiatric disorders and physical conditions, perceived social support and quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (version 3.0) was administered by trained interviewers to 6126 residents aged ≥18 years old to assess OCD prevalence and that of other select psychiatric disorders. Details on sociodemographics, perceived social support and health-related quality of life were obtained. RESULTS Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of OCD was 3.6% and 2.9%, respectively. Adjusted regression analysis showed that those with OCD had significantly higher odds of major depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR], 5.4), bipolar disorder (OR, 8.9), generalised anxiety disorder (OR, 7.3) and alcohol abuse (OR, 2.7). OCD was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and suicidality (OR, 5.1). OCD subjects also had higher odds of chronic pain (OR, 2.4) and diabetes (OR, 3.1). Finally, OCD subjects had lower mean mental composite summary scores than controls (respondents without any of the psychiatric disorders and physical conditions included in SMHS 2016) and those with other lifetime psychiatric disorders and physical conditions. CONCLUSION OCD prevalence in Singapore is high. Most people with OCD do not seek treatment despite experiencing significant comorbidity and loss of quality of life.INTRODUCTION There is limited information on elderly patients presenting with ST- elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to study the outcomes of elderly Asian patients with STEMI compared to younger patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilised data from 2007 to 2012 from the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Registry, a mandatory national population-based registry. Elderly patients were defined as ≥80 years of age, middle-aged to old (MAO) patients were defined as 45-80 years of age and young patients were defined as ≤45 years of age. The primary outcome of the study was 1-year mortality and secondary outcomes included in-hospital complications and mortality. RESULTS There were 12,409 STEMI patients with 1207 (9.7%) elderly patients, 10,093 (81.3%) MAO patients and 1109 (8.9%) young patients. Elderly patients had more cardiovascular risk factors and lower rates of total percutaneous coronary intervention (26.0% vs 72.4% vs 85.5%, respectively; P less then 0.0001) compared to MAO and young patients. They had higher 1-year mortality (60.6% vs 18.3% vs 4.1%, respectively; P less then 0.0001) when compared to MAO and young patients. CONCLUSION Elderly patients with STEMI have poorer outcomes than MAO and young patients. This is potentially attributable to a myriad of factors including age, higher burden of comorbidities and a lesser likelihood of receiving revascularisation and guideline-recommended medical therapy.BACKGROUND Carcinosarcoma of the sinonasal tract is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm; it is often designated as carcinoma with spindle cell or sarcomatoid features. We report a case of carcinosarcoma arising in a pre-existing inverted Schneiderian papilloma in the left maxillary antrum and nasal cavity of a 72-year old male patient. CASE REPORT The patient had a significant history of radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma in the sinonasal area, 3 decades ago. The patient presented with chief complaints of left nasal blockage, nasal discharge, anosmia, and occasional epistaxis. Computed tomography scan displayed a lobular soft tissue mass resulting in narrowing of the nasopharyngeal airway with massive destruction of palatal tissue. The lesion was resected via endoscopic surgery. Macroscopically, a white fleshy appearance with necrosis was noted in the submitted specimen. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of pleomorphic epithelial and spindle cells with numerous mitoses and remarkable tissue necrosis.Selleck MRT68921