Heat and cold-related morbidity chance throughout north-east of Iran: the time-stratified scenario cross-over style.

The highest UIC was observed in supplement users who reported consuming milk once per d (160 µg/l). Milk, but not yogurt or cheese, was positively associated with iodine status of pregnant women. Despite the observed positive association, daily milk consumption may not be sufficient to ensure adequate iodine intake in this population.Given the dynamic characteristic of an individual's drinking behaviours, comprehensive consideration of alcohol consumption variation using repeated measures may improve insight into the nature of its association with blood pressure (BP) change. We examined the association between longitudinal alcohol consumption (trajectory and quantity) and changes in BP and pulse pressure (PP) among Korean aged ≥ 40 years living in rural areas. Totally, 1682 hypertension-free participants who completed all three health examinations (median, 5·3 years) were included. All three visits were used to determine the cumulative trajectory of and quantity of alcohol consumption and the latest two visits and the last visit were used for the recent trajectory and the most recent quantity of alcohol consumption, respectively. Changes in BP and PP from the baseline to the third visit were used as outcome. In men, ≥30 ml/d cumulative average alcohol consumption was associated with the greatest increase in systolic BP (SBP) in both baseline outcome-unadjusted (2·9 mmHg, P = 0·032) and -adjusted models (3·6 mmHg, P = 0·001), and the given association for the most recent alcohol consumption was observed in the baseline outcome-adjusted model (3·9 mmHg, P = 0·003). For PP, similar associations were observed only in the baseline outcome-adjusted model. No meaningful associations in diastolic BP in men and any BP or PP in women existed. The quantity of alcohol consumption rather than the trajectory may be significantly related to raised SBP, and a possible short-term influence of the most recent alcohol consumption may exist when baseline SBP is adjusted in men.Binge eating behaviour (BE) is the major symptom of binge eating disorder (BED). This study aimed to compare the nutritional intake in the presence or absence of BE, with a particular focus on dietary n-6n-3 ratio, to assess the association between BE and impulsivity and the mediating effect of BMI on this association. A total of 450 university students (age 18-28 years) participated. The self-administered questionnaires were a semi-quantitative FFQ and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and the binge eating scale. The average BE score was 11·6 (se 7·388), and 20 % of the total participants scored above the cut-off of 17, thus presenting BE with 95 % CI of 16·3, 23·7 %. 3-Deazaadenosine inhibitor Our study revealed that greater BMI, higher total energy intake, greater negative urgency and positive urgency scores were significantly associated with BE. Participants with high value of dietary n-6n-3 ratio were 1·335 more at risk to present a BE compared with those with a lower value of this ratio (P = 0·017). The relationship between BE score and UPPS domains score was not mediated by the BMI. This is the first study reporting a link between high dietary n-6n-3 ratio and BE as well as the fact that BE was linked to both, negative and positive urgencies, and that the association between BE and impulsivity was not mediated by BMI. These findings can help to deal more efficiently with people suffering from BE, a symptom that can precede the development of BED.We aimed to develop and validate a new simple decision support tool (U-TEST) for diagnosis of sarcopenia in orthopaedic patients. We created seventeen candidate original questions to detect sarcopenia in orthopaedic patients with sarcopenia through expert opinions and a semi-structured interview. To derive a decision support tool, a logistic regression model with backward elimination was applied to select variables from the seventeen questions, age and underweight (BMI less then 18·5 kg/m2). Sarcopenia was defined by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. After assigning a score to each selected variable, the sum of scores was calculated. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the new tool using a logistic regression model. A bootstrap technique was used for internal validation. Among a total of 1334 orthopaedic patients, sixty-five (4·9 %) patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia. We succeeded in developing a 'U-TEST' with scores ranging from 0 to 11 consisting of values for BMI (Underweight), age (Elderly) and two original questions ('I can't stand up from a chair without supporting myself with my arms' (Strength) and 'I feel that my arms and legs are thinner than they were in the past' (Thin)). The AUC was 0·77 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·83). With the optimal cut-off set at 3 or greater based on Youden's index, the sensitivity and the specificity were 76·1 and 63·6 %, respectively. In orthopaedic patients, our U-TEST scoring with two questions and two simple clinical variables can help to screen for sarcopenia.Skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) may serve as an emerging alternative measurement for dietary carotenoid, fruit and vegetable (FV) intake although its application had not been assessed in a middle-aged and older population in Asia. This cross-sectional study aims to concurrently examine the use of SCS and plasma carotenoids to measure FV and carotenoid intake in a middle-aged and older population, taking into consideration potential socio-demographic and nutritional confounders. The study recruited 103 middle-aged and older adults (mean age 58 years) in Singapore. Dietary carotenoids and FV, plasma carotenoid concentration and SCS were measured using 3-d food records, HPLC and a biophotonic scanner which utilised RRS, respectively. Adjusted for statistically defined socio-demographic covariates sex, age, BMI, prescription medication and cigarette smoking, plasma carotenoids and SCS showed positive associations with dietary total carotenoids (βplasma 0·020 (95 % CI 0·000, 0·040) µmol/l/mg, P = 0·05; βskin 265 (95 % CI 23, 506) arbitrary units/mg, P = 0·03) and FV (βplasma 0·076 (95 % CI 0·021, 0·132) µmol/l per FV serving, P = 0·008; βskin 1036 (95 % CI 363, 1708) arbitrary units/FV serving, P = 0·003). The associations of SCS with dietary carotenoid and FV intake were null with the inclusion of dietary PUFA, fibre and vitamin C as nutritional covariates (P > 0·05). This suggests a potential influence of these nutritional factors on carotenoid circulation and deposition in the skin. In conclusion, SCS, similar to plasma carotenoids, may serve as a biomarker for both dietary carotenoid and FV intake in a middle-aged and older Singaporean population.3-Deazaadenosine inhibitor