Common Manual Testing Techniques

Manual Testing: The Essential First Step
Manual testing, a fundamental quality assurance practice, relies on human testers to evaluate software. Following predefined test cases, testers assess the product from a user's perspective, identifying defects and providing detailed reports. It has 3 types Whitebox Testing, Blackbox testing and grey box testing.
Whitebox testing examines the software's internal structure. Developers analyze code, execution paths, and data flow, ensuring accuracy and security. Unit, integration, and regression testing are core Whitebox techniques. Whitebox testing's advantage is early error detection, reducing post-release issues. However, it requires programming knowledge and can introduce potential bias. Understanding these aspects is vital for effective manual testing.
Blackbox testing focuses on application behavior without revealing internal functionalities. Testers identify bugs by evaluating software from a user's perspective. Functional testing verifies if the software performs its intended tasks. Smoke testing ensures basic functionality, while regression testing checks for unintended impacts from updates. Sanity testing validates minor changes, and system testing evaluates end-to-end compliance. User acceptance testing confirms customer requirements are met. Globalization testing ensure multi-regional compatibility and localization testing ensure selected regional compatibility. Exploratory and ad-hoc testing uncover hidden issues. Non-functional testing assesses performance, load, stress, volume, and endurance testing.
Grey-box testing combines Blackbox and Whitebox techniques offering a balanced approach. By understanding both external behavior and some internal structure, testers enhance product quality and identify a wider range of defects. This hybrid method provides a comprehensive testing strategy, bridging the gap between user experience and code functionality.