The global obesity epidemic and the growing elderly population largely contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance acts as a critical link between the present obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate intracellular signaling and are kept in balance by the antioxidant system. However, the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes ROS accumulation and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress interrupts insulin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, as supported by studies involving genetic modification of antioxidant enzymes in experimental rodents. In addition, a close association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance has been reported in numerous human studies. However, the controversial results with the use of antioxidants in type 2 diabetes raise the question of whether oxidative stress plays a critical role in insulin resistance. In this review article, we discuss the relevance of oxidative stress to insulin resistance based on genetically modified animal models and human trials.
To comparatively evaluate the effect of a 5% boric acid (BA) irrigant on periodontal condition, bacterial level and oral neutrophil numbers with a 1% povidone iodine (PVP-I) irrigant as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis (CP) treatment.
A single-masked, randomised clinical trial with 36 CP patients was conducted at the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Subjects were randomly divided into two treatment groups 1) SRP plus PVP-I 0.1% irrigant and 2) SRP plus BA 0.5% irrigant. Clinical measurements, including the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bacterial level in subgingival plaque (BANA test) and the quantification of oral neutrophils were evaluated at baseline, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after treatment (T0, T4, T6 and T8).
Whole-mouth (PI, GI, BOP, PD, CAL and PD) parameters, bacterial level in subgingival plaque and number of oral nle-mouth BOP, GI as well as PD and CAL reduction for moderately deep pockets after CP treatment.
This study examines the difference in the oral microbiome during pregnancy and the postpartum period of a Chinese population, with the focus on P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens and their shift during pregnancy, in order to understand the host-microbe relationship in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 117 women who underwent prenatal or regular examinations at four public hospitals, including 84 pregnant and 33 postpartum women. Women in the postpartum group were examined within 0.5-1 year after delivery, while the pregnant group was divided into early pregnancy (0-13 weeks), middle pregnancy (14-27 weeks), and late pregnancy (28-39 weeks) according to gestational age. GDC-0084 mw Sociodemographic parameters were self-reported by recruited women. The study required evaluations of probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and plaque index (PlI). Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected for the detection PD, and BOP% (p < 0.05). The proportions of subjects in the pregnant group who agreed with the statements 'Gingival bleeding is normal', 'Can't brush teeth within 1st month postpartum', 'It's unnecessary to see a dentist if not uncomfortable' were 39.3%, 28.6%, and 35.7%, respectively.
P. nigrescens is more related than P. gingivalis to pregnancy status. The periodontal status of Chinese women progressively deteriorates during pregnancy and persists into the postpartum period, which may result from lack of dental care knowledge.
P. nigrescens is more related than P. gingivalis to pregnancy status. The periodontal status of Chinese women progressively deteriorates during pregnancy and persists into the postpartum period, which may result from lack of dental care knowledge.
Currently, there is no consensus on recommendations for manual toothbrushing techniques between dentists, oral health therapists and dental companies. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and assess the quality of evidence of the effectiveness of manual toothbrushing techniques in the existing literature.
A broad search was conducted on the electronic databases Medline via Ovid, PubMed and EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences. Included studies examined manual toothbrushing technique efficiency. Articles were assessed utilising the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. These included five randomised controlled trials (RCT), seven experimental non-randomised control studies and one in vitro study.
Of the 3190 articles identified, 40 were relevant to manual toothbrushing and 13 were included in the final review. Studies indicating statistically significantly superior plaque removal for a given technnsufficient evidence for suggesting that one toothbrushing method is more effective than another in plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis. Excessive variability in many aspects of the design and methodology of the selected studies hinder conclusions on an ideal manual toothbrushing technique. Experimental randomised controlled trials that follow the CONSORT guidelines are required to provide adequate-quality evidence and make any definitive conclusions on the relative effectiveness of manual toothbrushing techniques.Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, reducing the levels of plasma cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of the IL-37 polymorphisms with the presence of hypercholesterolemia (HC), and with cardiovascular risk factors. Nine IL-37 polymorphisms (rs2708965, rs2708962, rs6717710, rs2708961, rs2708960, rs2708958, rs2723187, rs2708947, and rs2723192) were determined by TaqMan assays in a group of 1292 individuals (514 with and 778 without hypercholesterolemia) belonging to the cohort of the GEA Mexican Study. The associations were evaluated by logistic regression, using inheritance models adjusted by confounding variables. Under codominant 1 model, the rs2708961 (OR = 0.51, p = 0.02), rs2723187 (OR = 0.35, p = 0.005), and rs2708947 (OR = 0.49, p = 0.02) polymorphisms were associated with low risk of HC. The association of the polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated independently in HC and non-HC individuals.GDC-0084 mw
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