In addition, we identified 138 and 279 HLA-I and HLA-II ligands, respectively, most of which are novel in GBM, derived from known GBM-associated tumor antigens that have been used as source proteins for a variety of GBM vaccines. Our data further indicate that CIITA-expressing GBM cells acquired an antigen presenting cell-like phenotype as we found that they directly present external proteins as HLA-II ligands. Not only that CIITA-expressing GBM cells are attractive models for antigen discovery endeavors, but also such engineered cells have great therapeutic potential through massive presentation of a diverse antigenic repertoire.
Critical Illness Myopathy (CIM) is a serious ICU complication, and dysglycaemia is widely regarded as a risk factor. Although glucose variability (GV) has been independently linked to ICU mortality, an association with CIM has not been investigated. This study examines the relationship between CIM and GV.
Retrospective investigation including ICU patients with SOFA ≥8, mechanical ventilation, and CIM diagnostics. Glucose readings were collected every 6h throughout the first week of treatment, when CIM is thought to develop. GV was measured using standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variability (CV), mean absolute glucose (MAG), mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), and mean of daily difference (MODD).
74 patients were included, and 50 (67.6%) developed CIM. Time on glycaemic target (70-179mg/dL), caloric and insulin intakes, mean, maximum and minimum blood glucose values were similar for all patients until the 5th day, after which CIM patients exhibited higher mean and maximum glucose levels. Significantly higher GV in CIM patients were observed on day 5 (SD, CV, MAG, MAGE), day 6 (MODD), and day 7 (SD, CV, MAG).
CIM patients developed transient increases in GV and hyperglycaemia only late in the first week, suggesting that myopathy precedes dysglycaemia.
CIM patients developed transient increases in GV and hyperglycaemia only late in the first week, suggesting that myopathy precedes dysglycaemia.
The long-term associations between red meat consumption and lipid profile are not completely known. This longitudinal study assessed the association of red meat consumption with lipid profile in healthy Iranian adults using repeated measurements of red meat intake.
The population-based longitudinal study was conducted within the framework of the Isfahan Cohort Study on a subsample of 1376 healthy adults, aged ≥35 y, for whom complete information was available in all three phases of the study. A simplified qualitative 48-item food frequency questionnaire, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and fasting serum lipids and blood sugar were evaluated in three phases. Mixed-effects linear regression was applied to examine the longitudinal associations between red meat consumption and lipid profile.
After adjustment for potential confounders, each single-serving increase in red meat and organ meat consumption was significantly associated with an increment in triacylglycerol (β=6.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.97-8.63), total cholesterol (β=3.03; 95% CI, 2.02-4.04), low-density lipoprotein (β=3.40; 95% CI, 2.64-4.17), high-density lipoprotein (β=0.60; 95% CI, 0.28-0.93), ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein (β=0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05), and non-high-density lipoprotein (β=2.42; 95% CI, 1.41-3.43). However, processed meat consumption had no significant association with lipid profile.
Total red meat intake had a significant, direct association with lipid profile after a 13-year follow-up period in a cohort of the healthy Iranian population.
Total red meat intake had a significant, direct association with lipid profile after a 13-year follow-up period in a cohort of the healthy Iranian population.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between protein intake (during the tapering period and the race), marathon performance, body composition, acute race-induced changes, and selected metabolic- and muscle damage-related blood biomarkers in recreational master runners.
In 58 experienced master runners (58.28 y ± 1.07 y, 174.06 cm ± 0.72 cm, 78.51 kg ± 0.76 kg body mass, 21.38% ± 0.52% body fat, mean ± SEM), nutritional intake was evaluated 1 wk before the race and during the marathon. Body composition was evaluated before and 2 h after the race. Blood samples were collected at the same time points.
Body fat and lean body mass (LBM) were significantly reduced after the marathon (P < 0.01; η
0.311-0.888). Significant negative correlations were observed between energy intake from carbohydrates and proteins (expressed per LBM), marathon performance, and race-induced changes of blood metabolic-muscle damage indices (P < 0.05; r -0.522 to -0.789). M344 order Positive correlations were observed between energy from carbohydrates and proteins per LBM, and body mass and LBM changes (P < 0.05; r 0.485-0.814). The specific contribution of protein intakes per LBM (beta coefficient -0.789 to 0.615) on race-induced changes of body composition and blood markers was the same as that of carbohydrate intakes per LBM (beta coefficient -0.777 to 0.559).
Marathon-induced changes in body composition and metabolic blood indices are highly related to protein intake, either during the tapering period or during the race, with runners experiencing the lowest changes when consuming higher protein intakes.
Marathon-induced changes in body composition and metabolic blood indices are highly related to protein intake, either during the tapering period or during the race, with runners experiencing the lowest changes when consuming higher protein intakes.l-Homoserine is a valuable non-proteinogenic amino acid used in the synthesis of various important compounds. Microbial fermentation has potential value for producing l-homoserine on a large scale, but suffers from a low yield and the need for expensive additives. In this study, a non-induced, non-auxotrophic, plasmid-free Escherichia coli chassis for the high-efficiency production of l-homoserine was constructed. Initially, the l-homoserine degradation pathway was dynamically attenuated. Subsequently, systems metabolic engineering strategies were employed, including reinforcing the synthetic flux, improving NADPH generation, and elevating l-homoserine efflux. The constructed strain HOM-14, produced 60.1 g/L l-homoserine without additional supplements or inducers, which achieved the highest fermentative production efficiency of l-homoserine till date. Moreover, common byproducts, such as acetate, did not accumulate. The strategies presented here can be applied in the further engineering of chassis for the scale-up production of l-homoserine and derivatives.M344 order
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