Kubernetes Deployment

Deployment

A K8s Deployment is a declarative configuration in a .yaml or .json file to define the desired state of an containerized piece of code.

Create a basic deployment.yaml

kubectl create deploy your-deployment --image=your-image -oyaml --dry-run=client > deploy.yaml

1. Modify as needed, for example you can add livenessProbes
2. run kubectl apply -f=deploy.yaml
3. check run kubectl describe deploy

Deployment Configuration Status

kubectl get deployments
kubectl describe deployment yourdeploymentname

availableReplicas

• indicates how many were configured by the ReplicaSet. This would be compared to the later value of #### readyReplicas
• which would be used to determine if all replicas have been fully generated and without error. #### observedGeneration
• shows how often the deployment has been updated. This information can be used to understand the rollout and rollback situation of the deployment.

Scaling and Rolling Updates

kubectl scale deploy/dev-web --replicas=4

Rolling Update

If you want to modify non-immutable values, you can change them in an editor.
This triggers a rolling update of the deployment. While the deployment would show an older age, a review of the Pods would show a recent update and older version of the web server application deployed.

kubectl edit deployment yourdeployment

containers:
      - image: geile-app:1.8 #<<---Change version number
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: dev-geile-app

This will update gradually replacing old pods with new ones to ensure continuous availability of the service.
It is the default update method

strategy:
  type: RollingUpdate
  rollingUpdate:
    maxUnavailable: 1
    maxSurge: 1

Canary Rollout

A new version of the application is deployed to a small percentage of the pods or replicas in the Kubernetes cluster. This can be achieved using a Deployment resource with specific strategies and configurations.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: your-app
spec:
  replicas: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25% <--- incremental increase in the number of pods running the canary version.
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: your-app
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: your-app
        image: your-registry/your-app:canary

Blue- Green Deployment

In a Blue-Green Deployment, two identical environments, typically referred to as "Blue" and "Green," are maintained: - one for the current production version (Blue) and

• one for the new version being deployed (Green).

The deployment process involves switching the traffic from the Blue environment to the Green environment once the new version is considered ready for production.

# blue-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: blue-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: your-app
      color: blue
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: your-app
        color: blue
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: your-app
          image: registry/your-app:blue
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

# green-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: green-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 0  # Keeping replicas at 0 initially
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: your-app
      color: green
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: your-app
        color: green
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: your-app
          image: registry/your-app:green
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

# service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: your-app-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: your-app
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80

and then deploy the first
kubectl apply -f blue-deployment.yaml
once validated and deploy the other version
kubectl apply -f green-deployment.yaml

Deployment Rollbacks

1. Look what happened kubectl rollout history deployment/mydeploy
2. Check the status of the deployment kubectl get pods
3. If you need to do a rollback kubectl rollout undo deployment/mydeploy

Further reading:
https://trainingportal.linuxfoundation.org/learn/course/kubernetes-for-developers-lfd259/
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/