Decorator Pattern

The Decorator Pattern is a structural design pattern that allows adding new behavior to objects dynamically by wrapping them in decorator objects. This provides a more flexible alternative to inheritance for extending object functionality.

Key points of the Decorator Pattern:

Component: Defines the common interface for objects that can have additional responsibilities dynamically added.
Concrete Component: Implements the component interface, representing the original object being decorated.
Decorator: Maintains a reference to a component object and implements the component interface.
Concrete Decorator: Extends the functionality of the component by adding new behavior before or after delegating operations to the component.