How I Deployed a Full-Stack Application with "NestJS" with "Angular" on "Supabase" and "Vercel"

I developed a small full-stack application as an example of a REST + WebSockets boilerplate using NestJS and Angular. The application uses PostgreSQL for data storage, Redis for caching, and Minio for file handling. Initially, the target deployment environment was Kubernetes, but to speed up development and MVP testing, I decided to use free cloud services: Supabase for infrastructure and Vercel for deploying the backend and frontend.

1. Problems

• Development Infrastructure: For local development, it was necessary to set up PostgreSQL, Redis, Minio, and an authorization server (Authorizer.dev). This was time-consuming and resource-intensive.
• Complexity of Deployment in Kubernetes: Configuring Docker image builds and deploying to Kubernetes took a lot of time, especially if the Docker images were large.
• Limited Budget: For small projects or MVP testing, there was no budget for dedicated servers or a full-fledged Kubernetes infrastructure.

2. Solution

I decided to add the ability to deploy the application not only to Kubernetes but also to free cloud services like Supabase (for databases, storage, and authentication) and Vercel (for backend and frontend deployment). This allowed me to speed up the development and testing process while reducing infrastructure costs.

3. Initial State

• Backend: NestJS with REST API and WebSockets for broadcasting events (e.g., current server time).
• Frontend: Angular for interacting with the backend via REST and WebSockets.
• Infrastructure:
  • Locally running services: Authorizer.dev for authentication, PostgreSQL for the database, Redis for caching, and Minio for file storage.
  • Deployment to Kubernetes using Docker images for the backend and frontend.
  • PostgreSQL and migrations were run via Docker Compose.
  • E2E tests were also run via Docker Compose.

4. Current State

• Backend and Frontend: Work locally, but the infrastructure has been fully migrated to Supabase.
• Cloud Services Used:
  • Supabase Auth: Replaced the local Authorizer.dev.
  • Supabase Database: Replaced the local PostgreSQL and Redis.
  • Supabase Storage: Replaced the local Minio.
• Deployment: The backend and frontend are deployed to Vercel. Due to Vercel's serverless architecture, WebSockets do not work, so related tests have been disabled.
• CI/CD: Build and deployment are done via GitHub Actions, including applying migrations and running E2E tests.

5. Implementation Steps

5.1. Transition to Supabase Database

• Local PostgreSQL was replaced with Supabase Database.
• For migrations, pg-flyway (a mini-version of Flyway without Java) was used. I didn’t want to lose the functionality of Flyway but also didn’t want to install Java during deployment. As a result, I created a mini-version of flyway — pg-flyway.
• In Supabase, you cannot create multiple databases, so migrations are run in a single database using different tables to track migrations. To solve this issue, the migration table name can be passed when running the migrator.
• A single user is used for all databases since Supabase does not allow creating new users with database creation rights. This limitation required rethinking the database logic.

5.2. Transition to Supabase Instead of Redis

• Redis was replaced with Keyv with PostgreSQL support. Since the current project did not have any Redis-specific tasks, I decided to replace Redis with an alternative implementation.
• During my research, I noticed that the CacheModule for NestJS was transitioning to using Keyv, so I created my own wrapper, nestjs-mod/keyv, which supports both Redis and PostgreSQL.
• This is not a full replacement; it only works for simple applications where we cache some data.

5.3. Transition to Supabase Storage

• Minio was replaced with Supabase Storage.
• The main changes involved the logic for generating file upload links. Unlike Minio, in Supabase, buckets and policies are created via the GUI, which complicates automation (this was the only method I could find).
• One issue in the code was that the FilesModule was tightly coupled with Minio. I had to decouple it and create a configuration to override methods at the application level through integration configuration.

5.4. Transition to Supabase Auth

• The local Authorizer.dev was replaced with Supabase Auth.
• Problems arose immediately since the AuthModule was previously based entirely on the logic and code for working with Authorizer.
• A new NestJS module for working with Supabase Auth was written, compatible with the previous implementation. This module was not written from scratch but by copying code from the existing nestjs-mod/authorizer.
• Currently, this new module resides in this project, but it will eventually be moved to nestjs-mod/nestjs-mod-contrib. I’ve had too many issues with existing authorization servers, so I need to write my own custom implementation. Once it’s written and tested for backward compatibility with Supabase and Authorizer, the Supabase implementation will be published as a public npm package.

5.5. Deployment to Vercel

• This step consumed a lot of time. I won’t describe all the issues I encountered, but there were many. Here’s a link to example configurations I found useful: Vercel configuration examples, and here’s my config for vercel.json.
• After setting up deployment to Vercel, if you have e2e tests, some of them will fail because Vercel spins up the application for each request. If the application is not optimized for serverless, like mine, the tests will fail due to slow response times. I solved this by increasing the timeout in the tests.

5.6. Environment Variables

• This isn’t a major issue, but it exists. When deploying to your own virtual server, the server is impersonal and can be destroyed at any time, and it doesn’t store environment variables. They are all stored in CI/CD.
• When using Vercel and Supabase, there are two additional places where environment variables can be stored. Designing the deployment and launch to account for these variations took a lot of time.

5.7. Registration and Authorization in the Cloud

• I won’t describe the registration process for Supabase and Vercel. Instead, I’ll share a short video on how to create applications on Supabase and set environment variables in Vercel.

6. Instructions for Running Local Code with External Infrastructure on Supabase

6.1. Initialization

git clone [e-mail]:nestjs-mod/nestjs-mod-fullstack.git
cd nestjs-mod-fullstack
npm i
cp ./example-supabase.env ./.env

6.2. Preparation

1. Create an organization and project on Supabase.
2. Create a bucket named "images" in the storage (example link: https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/XXX/storage/buckets).
3. Create new "S3 Access Keys" with "Access key ID" and "Secret access key" (example link: https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/gustcjgbrmmipkizqzso/settings/storage).
4. Open .env and fill in the empty values.

   # https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/XXX/settings/api - API Settings - Project URL - URL
   SUPABASE_URL=empty_value
   # https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/XXX/settings/database?showConnect=true - Connection String - Direct connection
   POSTGRES_URL=empty_value
   # https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/XXX/settings/api - API Settings - Project API Keys - anon public
   SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=empty_value
   # https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/gustcjgbrmmipkizqzso/settings/storage - S3 Access Keys - New access key - Access key ID
   SERVER_MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=empty_value
   # https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/gustcjgbrmmipkizqzso/settings/storage - S3 Access Keys - New access key - Secret access key
   SERVER_MINIO_SECRET_KEY=empty_value

1. Create and fill in all necessary new environment keys.

   npx --yes tsx update-files-for-vercel.ts

6.3. Running

npm run pm2-supabase-full:dev:start

6.4. Open the Browser

http://localhost:4200

6.5. Testing

npm run pm2-supabase-full:dev:test:e2e

6.6. Stopping

npm run pm2-supabase-full:dev:stop

Conclusion

Designing and developing the code for this article took me almost two months of part-time work. This makes you think about the necessity of supporting multiple environments for running an application.

I won’t provide code examples here because there were too many changes.

Backward compatibility is achieved by substituting the necessary implementation of configurations and different service implementations, both in the backend and the frontend.

The free version of the cloud infrastructure from Supabase is limited in resources and responds slowly. Deployment to such an environment can only be used during the development of the MVP version.

Since the version deployed to Vercel works as serverless, we don’t have the ability to use internal EventEmitters or RxJS Subjects that we could emit using background global setIntervals in the code. Such logic needs to be solved differently, using Supabase Cron, Supabase Queues, or Supabase Realtime.

Implementing support for multiple deployment and launch options is very labor-intensive, and it’s always better to choose a single deployment path for your application.

Plans

Since I need to write a custom authorization service for work that can be extended as needed, in the next post, I will describe the creation of a basic, simple version...

Links

• https://nestjs.com - official framework website
• https://nestjs-mod.com - official website for additional utilities
• https://fullstack.nestjs-mod.com - website from the post
• https://nestjs-mod-fullstack.vercel.app - website from the post on Vercel
• https://github.com/nestjs-mod/nestjs-mod-fullstack - project from the post
• https://github.com/nestjs-mod/nestjs-mod-fullstack/compare/ac8ce1e94a24f912f73c5eb1950458ebc77c12d4..2c4ae81cd32a7b186e4b63c567a30ad7e0c2a239 - changes
• https://github.com/nestjs-mod/nestjs-mod-fullstack/actions/runs/13308995633/artifacts/2585972924 - video of frontend E2E tests