The chemical interactome idea in filamentous fungi associated with biomass valorization.

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous small aliphatic polycations important for growth, development, and environmental stress responses in plants. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) induced cell death at high concentrations, but primed resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. At low concentrations, Spm was more effective than Spd. Treatments with higher exogenous Spd and Spm concentrations resulted in a biphasic endogenous PA accumulation. Exogenous Spm induced the accumulation of H2O2 after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. Both Spm and Spd induced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase after treatment but also after infection with B. cinerea. The soluble sugars glucose, fructose, and sucrose accumulated after treatment with high concentrations of PAs, whereas only Spm induced sugar accumulation after infection. Total and active nitrate reductase (NR) activities were inhibited by Spm treatment, whereas Spd inhibited active NR at low concentrations but promoted active NR at high concentrations. Finally, γaminobutyric acid accumulated after treatment and infection in plants treated with high concentrations of Spm. Phenylalanine and asparagine also accumulated after infection in plants treated with a high concentration of Spm. Our data illustrate that Spm and Spd are effective in priming resistance against B. cinerea, opening the door for the development of sustainable alternatives for chemical pesticides.Gait patterns are a result of the complex kinematics that enable human two-legged locomotion, and they can reveal a lot about a person's state and health. Analysing them is useful for researchers to get new insights into the course of diseases, and for physicians to track the progress after healing from injuries. When a person walks and is interfered with in any way, the resulting disturbance can show up and be found in the gait patterns. This paper describes an experimental setup for capturing gait patterns with a capacitive sensor floor, which can detect the time and position of foot contacts on the floor. With this setup, a dataset was recorded where 42 participants walked over a sensor floor in different modes, inter alia, normal pace, closed eyes, and dual-task. A recurrent neural network based on Long Short-Term Memory units was trained and evaluated for the classification task of recognising the walking mode solely from the floor sensor data. Furthermore, participants were asked to do the Unilateral Heel-Rise Test, and their gait was recorded before and after doing the test. Another neural network instance was trained to predict the number of repetitions participants were able to do on the test. As the results of the classification tasks turned out to be promising, the combination of this sensor floor and the recurrent neural network architecture seems like a good system for further investigation leading to applications in health and care.Green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have prominent applications in antimicrobial packaging systems. Here we have attempted for the fabrication of chitosan-based nanocomposite film containing Urtica dioica leaf extract derived copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs for shelf-life extension of the packaged guava fruits. Electron microscopy and spectroscopy analysis of the CuO and ZnO NPs exhibited nano-scale size, spherical morphologies, and negative ζ-potential values. The NPs possessed appreciable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity (AMA) in order of CuO NPs > ZnO NPs >nettle extract. Therefore, this work establishes for the first time the successful synthesis of CuO NPs and compares its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with ZnO NPs. On incorporation in chitosan, the polymer nanocomposite films were developed by solvent casting technique. The developed films were transparent, had low antioxidant but substantial AMA. selleck compound The NP supplementation improved the film characteristics as evident from the decrease in moisture content, water holding capacity, and solubility of the films. The nanocomposite films improved the quality attributes and shelf life of guava fruits by one week on packaging and storage compared to unpackaged control fruits. Therefore, this study demonstrates the higher antimicrobial potential of the nettle leaf extract derived CuO/ZnO NPs for development of antimicrobial nanocomposite films as a promising packaging solution for enhancing the shelf life of various perishable fruits.In this paper, the influence of graphite (Gr) on the dry sliding tribological properties of phenolic resin (PF) composites was studied under different sliding speeds of 3.1-47.1 m/s. The wear mechanism was investigated by the observation of the morphology of the transfer layer during the dry sliding process. It was found that the addition of Gr could decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate effectively, and the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased with the increase of Gr content in the range of 10-30 vol.%. The dominant wear mechanisms of PF-based friction composites changed from adhesive wear to fatigue wear (in the form of peeling-off) in the high sliding speed condition after the addition of Gr. The addition of Gr effectively reduced the sensitivity of PF-based friction materials to sliding speeds, and thus enhanced the stability of the friction coefficient. When the content of Gr was above 20 vol.%, the stability of the friction coefficient was relatively steady.Flexible electronics is one of the most attractive and anticipated markets in the internet-of-things era, covering a broad range of practical and industrial applications from displays and energy harvesting to health care devices. The mechanical flexibility, combined with high performance electronics, and integrated on a soft substrate offer unprecedented functionality for biomedical applications. This paper presents a brief snapshot on the materials of choice for niche flexible bio-implanted devices that address the requirements for both biodegradable and long-term operational streams. The paper also discusses potential future research directions in this rapidly growing field.selleck compound