enal volume and age 40 years and above for both kidneys. Conclusions This study provides morphometric data regarding normal kidneys and concludes that male renal volume is more than female and renal volume is correlated to individual's body parameters.
The characteristics of research proposals submitted to the Nepal Health Research Council reflect the trend of health-related researches being conducted in Nepal. The objective of the study was to analyze research proposals submitted for the ethical review in Nepal Health Research Council from 2017 to 2019.
A retrospective record review of research proposals received over three years from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed. A total of 2,305 research proposals was included in the study. The number of research studies per year, types of study design, priority area of research, and rejected proposal were the intended variables for the study.
91.45% (503), 92.19% (748), and 755 (80.1%) of received proposals were approved from Ethical Review Board in 2017, 2018 and 2019. The number of research proposals increased every year (550 in 2017, 812 in 2018, and 943 in 2019). Among the approved proposals non-communicable disease (n=150;15.90%) in 2019 was the topmost prioritized area in all three years followed by reproductive health [93 (9.86%) in 2019] and communicable disease [67 (7.10%) in 2019] respectively. Quantitative research was more than two-third in all the years. Among the approved proposals, more than half were for an academic purpose [610 (64.69%)]. The reason for the rejection of the proposal was the conduction of research before ethical approval [2 (0.36%) in 2017, 2 (0.25%) in 2018, and none in 2019].
There was a rising trend of research proposals for ethical clearance being submitted to the Nepal Health Research Council. Research related to non-communicable disease followed by reproductive health was the commonest one.
There was a rising trend of research proposals for ethical clearance being submitted to the Nepal Health Research Council. Research related to non-communicable disease followed by reproductive health was the commonest one.
Amniotic fluid provides necessary fluid and growth factors for normal development of fetal lungs, cushions the umbilical cord from compression and protects the fetus. This study aims to compare the perinatal outcome between pregnancy with borderline and normal Amniotic Fluid Index that provide greatest chance for appropriate safe delivery with least maternal fetal and neonatal risk.
A total of 94 singleton full term pregnant women were included in the study-at Kathmandu Model Hospital from February to August 2020. Forty Seven women each with Amniotic Fluid Index 5-8 cm was taken as borderline oligohydramnios group and Amniotic Fluid Index 8.1-24 cm was taken as normal group. Ultrasonography was taken as the medium for measuring Amniotic Fluid Index.
The rate of intra-partum fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, low birth weight and neonatal intensive care unit admission were not statistically significant between the two groups while rate of cesarean section was noted to be 76.6% in exposed groups as compared to 44.7% among women with non-exposed normal group [RR=1.71; 95%CI 1.2-2.44 p=0.006].
We concluded that in cases of borderline oligohydramnios there was higher risk of operative delivery.
We concluded that in cases of borderline oligohydramnios there was higher risk of operative delivery.
Family take the role of caregivers and provide the mentally ill member with help, care and support. Caregivers are at the high risk to anxiety and depression. The main objective of the research was to assess anxiety and depressive status among caregivers of mentally ill patients attending Mental Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal.
A cross sectional study based on clinical setting was conducted among 184 caregivers of mentally ill patients attending outpatient department of Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and validated Nepali translated version of hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depressive status among caregivers. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) international business machine version 25. Ethical consideration was maintained during the study.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of mentally ill patients was 24.5% and 19.6% respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in caregivers were sex of caregiver, socio-economic status and sex of patient. Types of mental illness of patient was also significantly associated with anxiety while educational status was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in caregivers.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms were found among caregivers of mentally ill patients. It is high time to consider mental health of caregiver and mental health promotion programs and policies for caregivers should be implemented.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms were found among caregivers of mentally ill patients. It is high time to consider mental health of caregiver and mental health promotion programs and policies for caregivers should be implemented.
Ectopic pregnancy can be managed expectantly, medically or surgically. AlaGln Laparoscopic surgery is considered gold standard. The aim of this study was to find incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation and mode of management of ectopic pregnancy.
Prospective descriptive study was conducted at Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. All the cases of diagnosed ectopic pregnancy were enrolled in the study. All the relevant data of the patients were recorded in pre-designed Performa. The collected data were entered in MS Excel and exported into SPSS 21 version for statistical analysis.
The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 0.8%. Most of the patients (35 ;( 58.3%) belonged to 20-30 age group. The classic triad of pain abdomen, amenorrhea and per vaginal bleeding was present in 41 (68.3%) cases. The most common risk factor associated was PID (39 ;-( 65%) followed by abortion 98 ;-( 13.3%). USG findings were suggestive of ruptured ectopic pregnancy, which was seen in 52(86.7%) cases and. 93.3% of the cases were managed surgically.AlaGln
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