f undergraduate dental students after 3 months within a clinical treatment course.
We focus on the importance of interpreting the quality of the labeling used as the input of predictive models to understand the reliability of their output in support of human decision-making, especially in critical domains, such as medicine.
Accordingly, we propose a framework distinguishing the reference labeling (or Gold Standard) from the set of annotations from which it is usually derived (the Diamond Standard). We define a set of quality dimensions and related metrics representativeness (are the available data representative of its reference population?); reliability (do the raters agree with each other in their ratings?); and accuracy (are the raters' annotations a true representation?). The metrics for these dimensions are, respectively, the degree of correspondence, Ψ, the degree of weighted concordance ϱ, and the degree of fineness, Φ. We apply and evaluate these metrics in a diagnostic user study involving 13 radiologists.
We evaluate Ψ against hypothesis-testing techniques, highlighting thatngs for the continuous development of trustable and interpretable MAI systems.
We propose different dimensions and related metrics to assess the quality of the datasets used to build predictive models and Medical Artificial Intelligence (MAI). We argue that the proposed metrics are feasible for application in real-world settings for the continuous development of trustable and interpretable MAI systems.
A biobank is a structure which collects and manages biological samples and their associated data. The collected samples will then be made available for various uses. The sharing of those samples raised ethical questions which have been answered through specific rules. Thus, a Biobank functioning under tight ethical rules would be immensely valuable from a scientific and an economic view point. In 2009, Côte d'Ivoire established a biobank, which has been chosen to house the regional biobank of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries in 2018. To ensure optimal and efficient use of this biobank, the scientific community must be aware of its existence and its role. It was therefore necessary to evaluate the knowledge of laboratories staff on the role and activities of a biobank.
This descriptive study was done by questioning staff from laboratories working on human's health, animals or plants. The laboratories were located in southern Côte d'Ivoire.
A total of 205 people completed the questionnaire. Of these 205 people, 34.63% were biologists, 7.32% engineers, 48.78% technicians and 9.27% PhD students. The average length of work experience was 10.11 ± 7.83 years. In this study, 43.41% of the participants had never heard of biobanking. Only 48.78% of participants had a good understanding of the role of a biobank. Technicians and PhD students were less educated on the notion of biobank (p < 0.000001). Alvocidib Although biologists were more educated on this issue, 21.13% of them had a misconception of biobank. Good knowledge of the role of a biobank was not significantly related to the work experience's length (p > 0.88).
The level of knowledge of laboratory staff about biobanking needs to be improved. Training on the role, activities and interests of the biobank is important.
The level of knowledge of laboratory staff about biobanking needs to be improved. Training on the role, activities and interests of the biobank is important.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) affects 1-2 in 1,000,000 people. The disease is not associated with increased risk of treatment failure (especially among older children), but appropriate procedures implemented in advance can eliminate complications which might appear and significantly worsen the patients' quality of life. Thus, we sought to evaluate the clinical features, management, and outcome of children with LCH treated in Polish pediatric hematology-oncology centers.
One hundred eighty two patients with LCH were treated according to the Histiocytic Society Guidelines between 2010 and 2017. The participating centers were requested to provide the following data demographic, clinical, as well as local or systemic treatment data and patients' outcome. Overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared using the log-rank test.
Sixty nine percent of children were classified as single system (SS). The patients with SS disease were significantly older as compared to the children with multisystem disease (MS), 6 vs. 2.3 years respectively (p 0.003). Bones were involved in 76% of patients. Systemic treatment was applied to 47% of children with SS disease and 98% with MS disease. Fourteen patients relapsed while two children died. OS and EFS in entire group were 0.99 and 0.91 respectively (with median follow-up 4.3 years).
The treatment of LCH in Polish centers was effective, however, new approaches, including mutation analyses and good inter-center cooperation, are needed to identify patients who might require modification or intensification of treatment.
The treatment of LCH in Polish centers was effective, however, new approaches, including mutation analyses and good inter-center cooperation, are needed to identify patients who might require modification or intensification of treatment.
The present study wasdesigned to examine the role of isoflavone genistein (GS) on bone formation, regulating oxidative stress and cell cycle in primary osteoblasts, as well as attenuation of osteoclast formation.
Primary calvaria osteoblasts were isolated from 2 to 3 days old neonatal rat pups (n = 6-8) of Sprague Dawley rats. Osteoblasts were incubated with varying concentrations of GS and different assays viz. cell proliferation, differentiation, calcium deposition, cell cycle progression, antioxidant ability, and osteogenic gene expression were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunolocalization of cathepsin K protein were assessed in bone marrow-derived osteoclasts.
Results revealed that GS markedly induced cell growth and osteoblast differentiation depending upon dose. The fluorescent dye DCFH-DA staining data proved the antioxidant ability of GS, which reduced the H
O
- induced intracellular oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GS treatment upregulated the expression of osteoblastic genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), and osteocalcin.Alvocidib
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